The specific potential exposure pathway of cadmium, chromium and copper to human were drafted based on interview to local community. The highest total chromium content of 103.925 mg/kg dry weight in fish was measured in Sapan, as well as higher cadmium and copper content in water compared to other sampling points. Total chromium content in river water at Sapan and Cisirung sampling points were higher compared to other sampling points. Cadmium, chromium and copper in water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Flame-AAS). Results of observation and interview about the utilization of water, sediment and fish were able to describe potential pathway exposure of heavy metal to human.

In this study, heavy metal content distribution in water, sediment and fish (Liposarcus pardalis) were conducted by sampling in several monitoring points in Upper Citarum. However, regulation for heavy metal content in sediment has not been available in Indonesia. Heavy metal presence in sediment became a concern to environmental health, especially in areas where the sediment was used by local community. Regional and central government regulate the standard of heavy metal content in river water, which is used by regional environmental protection agency for water quality monitoring program. The increasing number of industrial activities may also affect higher heavy metal contamination in several monitoring points. Previous studies show that the degradation of water quality in Upper Citarum is affected by the increasing area of agriculture fields in conservation zone, resulting in downstream erosion.

more Heavy metal pollution in Citarum River has been known for years to correlate with the uncontrolled development in the upper part of the river. Heavy metal pollution in Citarum River has been known for years to correlate with the uncontrolle.

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